using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
//Ref:
using System.Data;
using System.Xml;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Collections;


namespace WebAPI.App_Start
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 数据访问类
    /// </summary>
    public class SqlHelper
    {
        /// <summary> 
        /// This method is used to attach array of SqlParameters to a SqlCommand. 
        /// 
        /// This method will assign a value of DbNull to any parameter with a direction of 
        /// InputOutput and a value of null. 
        /// 
        /// This behavior will prevent default values from being used, but 
        /// this will be the less common case than an intended pure output parameter (derived as InputOutput) 
        /// where the user provided no input value. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="command">The command to which the parameters will be added</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParameters to be added to command</param> 
        private static void AttachParameters(SqlCommand command,
                                             SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("command"); }
            if (commandParameters != null)
            {
                foreach (SqlParameter p in commandParameters)
                {
                    if (p != null)
                    {
                        // Check for derived output value with no value assigned 
                        if ((p.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput ||
                               p.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) &&
                              (p.Value == null))
                        {
                            p.Value = DBNull.Value;
                        }
                        command.Parameters.Add(p);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// This method assigns dataRow column values to an array of SqlParameters 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">Array of SqlParameters to be assigned values</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values</param> 
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters,
                                                  DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (dataRow == null))
            {
                // Do nothing if we get no data 
                return;
            }
            int i = 0;
            // Set the parameters values 
            foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in commandParameters)
            {
                // Check the parameter name 
                if (commandParameter.ParameterName == null ||
                      commandParameter.ParameterName.Length <= 1)
                    throw new Exception(
                       string.Format(
                          "Please provide a valid parameter name on the parameter #{0}, the ParameterName property has the following value: '{1}'.",
                          i, commandParameter.ParameterName));
                if (dataRow.Table.Columns.IndexOf(commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(
                                                     1)) != -1)
                { commandParameter.Value = dataRow[commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)]; }
                i++;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// This method assigns an array of values to an array of SqlParameters 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">Array of SqlParameters to be assigned values</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">Array of objects holding the values to be assigned</param> 
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters,
                                                  object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (parameterValues == null))
            {
                // Do nothing if we get no data 
                return;
            }
            // We must have the same number of values as we pave parameters to put them in 
            if (commandParameters.Length != parameterValues.Length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Parameter count does not match Parameter Value count.");
            }
            // Iterate through the SqlParameters, assigning the values from the corresponding position in the 
            // value array 
            for (int i = 0, j = commandParameters.Length; i < j; i++)
            {
                // If the current array value derives from IDbDataParameter, then assign its Value property
                if (parameterValues[i] is IDbDataParameter)
                {
                    IDbDataParameter paramInstance = (IDbDataParameter)parameterValues[i];
                    if (paramInstance.Value == null)
                    {
                        commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        commandParameters[i].Value = paramInstance.Value;
                    }
                }
                else if (parameterValues[i] == null)
                {
                    commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value;
                }
                else
                {
                    commandParameters[i].Value = parameterValues[i];
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// This method opens (if necessary) and assigns a connection, transaction, command type and parameters 
        /// to the provided command 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="command">The SqlCommand to be prepared</param> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection, on which to execute this command</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction, or 'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParameters to be associated with the command or 'null' if no parameters are required</param> 
        /// <param name="mustCloseConnection"><c>true</c> if the connection was opened by the method, otherwose is false.</param> 
        private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand command, SqlConnection connection,
                                           SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                           SqlParameter[] commandParameters, out bool mustCloseConnection)
        {
            if (command == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("command"); }
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText"); }
            // If the provided connection is not open, we will open it 
            if (connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)
            {
                mustCloseConnection = true;
                connection.Open();
            }
            else
            {
                mustCloseConnection = false;
            }
            // Associate the connection with the command 
            command.Connection = connection;
            // Set the command text (stored procedure name or SQL statement) 
            command.CommandText = commandText;
            // If we were provided a transaction, assign it 
            if (transaction != null)
            {
                if (transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
                command.Transaction = transaction;
            }
            // Set the command type 
            command.CommandType = commandType;
            // Attach the command parameters if they are provided 
            if (commandParameters != null)
            {
                AttachParameters(command, commandParameters);
            }
            return;
        }


        #region ExecuteNonQuery

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString,
                                          CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, commandType, commandText,
                                   (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString,
                                          CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                          params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();
                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored prcedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, string spName,
                                          params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                       commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection,
                                          CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText,
                                   (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection,
                                          CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                          params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText,
                           commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Finally, execute the command 
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            if (mustCloseConnection)
            { connection.Close(); }
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
                                          params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                       commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                          CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, commandType, commandText,
                                   (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                          CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                          params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType,
                           commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Finally, execute the command 
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, trans, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName,
                                          params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                       commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteNonQuery

        #region ExecuteDataset

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString,
                                             CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, commandType, commandText,
                                  (SqlParameter[])null);
        }



        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString,
                                             CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                             params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {

                connection.Open();
                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string 
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, string spName,
                                             params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                      commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection,
                                             CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText,
                                  (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection,
                                             CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                             params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText,
                           commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet 
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                // Fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc 
                da.Fill(ds);
                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                { connection.Close(); }
                // Return the dataset 
                return ds;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
                                             params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                      commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                             CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText,
                                  (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                             CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                             params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType,
                           commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet 
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                // Fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc 
                da.Fill(ds);
                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                // Return the dataset 
                return ds;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName,
                                             params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                      commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteDataset

        #region ExecuteReader

        /// <summary> 
        /// This enum is used to indicate whether the connection was provided by the caller, or created by SqlHelper, so that 
        /// we can set the appropriate CommandBehavior when calling ExecuteReader() 
        /// </summary> 
        private enum SqlConnectionOwnership
        {
            /// <summary>Connection is owned and managed by SqlHelper</summary> 
            Internal,
            /// <summary>Connection is owned and managed by the caller</summary> 
            External
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Create and prepare a SqlCommand, and call ExecuteReader with the appropriate CommandBehavior.
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// If we created and opened the connection, we want the connection to be closed when the DataReader is closed. 
        /// 
        /// If the caller provided the connection, we want to leave it to them to manage. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection, on which to execute this command</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction, or 'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParameters to be associated with the command or 'null' if no parameters are required</param> 
        /// <param name="connectionOwnership">Indicates whether the connection parameter was provided by the caller, or created by SqlHelper</param> 
        /// <returns>SqlDataReader containing the results of the command</returns> 
        private static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                   SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                                   SqlParameter[] commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership connectionOwnership)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText,
                               commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
                // Create a reader 
                SqlDataReader dataReader;
                // Call ExecuteReader with the appropriate CommandBehavior 
                if (connectionOwnership == SqlConnectionOwnership.External)
                {
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                }
                else
                {
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                }
                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again. 
                // HACK: There is a problem here, the output parameter values are fletched 
                // when the reader is closed, so if the parameters are detached from the command 
                // then the SqlReader can磘 set its values. 
                // When this happen, the parameters can磘 be used again in other command. 
                bool canClear = true;
                foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in cmd.Parameters)
                {
                    if (commandParameter.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input)
                    { canClear = false; }
                }
                if (canClear)
                {
                    cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                }
                return dataReader;
            }
            catch
            {
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                { connection.Close(); }
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString,
                                                  CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteReader(connectionString, commandType, commandText,
                                 (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString,
                                                  CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                                  params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            SqlConnection connection = null;
            try
            {
                connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
                connection.Open();
                // Call the private overload that takes an internally owned connection in place of the connection string 
                return ExecuteReader(connection, null, commandType, commandText,
                                     commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.Internal);
            }
            catch
            {
                // If we fail to return the SqlDatReader, we need to close the connection ourselves 
                if (connection != null) { connection.Close(); }
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString,
                                                  string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                     commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                  CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteReader(connection, commandType, commandText,
                                 (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                  CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                                  params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            // Pass through the call to the private overload using a null transaction value and an externally owned connection 
            return ExecuteReader(connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText,
                                 commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                  string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                     commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                  CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteReader(transaction, commandType, commandText,
                                 (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///   SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                  CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                                  params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            // Pass through to private overload, indicating that the connection is owned by the caller 
            return ExecuteReader(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType,
                                 commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                  string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                     commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteReader

        #region ExecuteScalar

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString,
                                           CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, commandType, commandText,
                                 (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString,
                                           CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                           params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();
                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, string spName,
                                           params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                     commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection,
                                           CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText,
                                 (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection,
                                           CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                           params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText,
                           commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Execute the command & return the results 
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            if (mustCloseConnection)
            { connection.Close(); }
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
                                           params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                     commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                           CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteScalar(transaction, commandType, commandText,
                                 (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                           CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                           params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType,
                           commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Execute the command & return the results 
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName,
                                           params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // PPull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                     commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteScalar

        #region ExecuteXmlReader
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                 CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, commandType, commandText,
                                    (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                 CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                                 params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText,
                               commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
                // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet 
                XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();
                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                return retval;
            }
            catch
            {
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                { connection.Close(); }
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection,
                                                 string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                        commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                 CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters 
            return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, commandType, commandText,
                                    (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                 CommandType commandType, string commandText,
                                                 params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType,
                           commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet 
            XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();
            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                 string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                        commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteXmlReader

        #region FillDataset
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType,
                                       string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (dataSet == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); }
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();
                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string 
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType,
                                       string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                       params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (dataSet == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); }
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();
                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string 
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames,
                            commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, string spName,
                                       DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                       params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (dataSet == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); }
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();
                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string 
                FillDataset(connection, spName, dataSet, tableNames, parameterValues);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection,
                                       CommandType commandType,
                                       string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection,
                                       CommandType commandType,
                                       string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                       params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            FillDataset(connection, null, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames,
                        commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(conn, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
                                       DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                       params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (dataSet == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet,
                            tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet,
                            tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                       CommandType commandType,
                                       string commandText,
                                       DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            FillDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                       CommandType commandType,
                                       string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                       params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            FillDataset(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText,
                        dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter. 
        /// 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(trans, "GetOrders", ds, new string[]{"orders"}, 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName,
                                       DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                       params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (dataSet == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);
                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters 
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet,
                            tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params 
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet,
                            tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Private helper method that execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction and SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  FillDataset(conn, trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced 
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param> 
        private static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection,
                                        SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
                                        string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
                                        params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (dataSet == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet"); }
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution 
            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(command, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText,
                           commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);
            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet 
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command))
            {
                // Add the table mappings specified by the user 
                if (tableNames != null && tableNames.Length > 0)
                {
                    string tableName = "Table";
                    for (int index = 0; index < tableNames.Length; index++)
                    {
                        if (tableNames[index] == null || tableNames[index].Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentException("The tableNames parameter must contain a list of tables, a value was provided as null or empty string.", "tableNames"); }
                        dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add(tableName, tableNames[index]);
                        tableName += (index + 1).ToString();
                    }
                }
                // Fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc 
                dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet);
                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again 
                command.Parameters.Clear();
            }
            if (mustCloseConnection)
            { connection.Close(); }
        }
        #endregion

        #region UpdateDataset
        /// <summary> 
        /// Executes the respective command for each inserted, updated, or deleted row in the DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  UpdateDataset(conn, insertCommand, deleteCommand, updateCommand, dataSet, "Order"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="insertCommand">A valid transact-SQL statement or stored procedure to insert new records into the data source</param> 
        /// <param name="deleteCommand">A valid transact-SQL statement or stored procedure to delete records from the data source</param> 
        /// <param name="updateCommand">A valid transact-SQL statement or stored procedure used to update records in the data source</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">The DataSet used to update the data source</param> 
        /// <param name="tableName">The DataTable used to update the data source.</param> 
        public static void UpdateDataset(SqlCommand insertCommand,
                                         SqlCommand deleteCommand, SqlCommand updateCommand, DataSet dataSet,
                                         string tableName)
        {
            if (insertCommand == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("insertCommand"); }
            if (deleteCommand == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("deleteCommand"); }
            if (updateCommand == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("updateCommand"); }
            if (tableName == null || tableName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("tableName"); }
            // Create a SqlDataAdapter, and dispose of it after we are done 
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter())
            {
                // Set the data adapter commands 
                dataAdapter.UpdateCommand = updateCommand;
                dataAdapter.InsertCommand = insertCommand;
                dataAdapter.DeleteCommand = deleteCommand;
                // Update the dataset changes in the data source 
                dataAdapter.Update(dataSet, tableName);
                // Commit all the changes made to the DataSet 
                dataSet.AcceptChanges();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region CreateCommand
        /// <summary> 
        /// Simplify the creation of a Sql command object by allowing 
        /// a stored procedure and optional parameters to be provided 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// e.g.: 
        ///  SqlCommand command = CreateCommand(conn, "AddCustomer", "CustomerID", "CustomerName"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="sourceColumns">An array of string to be assigned as the source columns of the stored procedure parameters</param> 
        /// <returns>A valid SqlCommand object</returns> 
        public static SqlCommand CreateCommand(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
                                               params string[] sourceColumns)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // Create a SqlCommand 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go 
            if ((sourceColumns != null) && (sourceColumns.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Assign the provided source columns to these parameters based on parameter order 
                for (int index = 0; index < sourceColumns.Length; index++)
                { commandParameters[index].SourceColumn = sourceColumns[index]; }
                // Attach the discovered parameters to the SqlCommand object 
                AttachParameters(cmd, commandParameters);
            }
            return cmd;
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(String connectionString,
                                                     String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                 spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                 spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlConnection connection,
                                                     String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                 spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                 spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified
        /// SqlTransaction using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                     String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // Sf the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                 spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                 spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteDatasetTypedParams
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(string connectionString,
                                                        String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            //If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the store procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlConnection connection,
                                                        String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                                commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                        String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteReaderTypedParams
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(String connectionString,
                                                             String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                               spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                               spName);
            }
        }


        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection,
                                                             String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                               commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                             String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                               commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                               spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteScalarTypedParams
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(String connectionString,
                                                      String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connectionString, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                               spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                               spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlConnection connection,
                                                      String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                               commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                      String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName,
                                               commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                               spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams
        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection,
                                                            String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                  spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                  spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values. 
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param> 
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction,
                                                            String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction"); }
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) { throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache) 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(
                                                      transaction.Connection, spName);
                // Set the parameters values 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                  spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure,
                                                  spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

    }

    /// <summary> 
    /// SqlHelperParameterCache provides functions to leverage a static cache of procedure parameters, and the 
    /// ability to discover parameters for stored procedures at run-time. 
    /// </summary> 
    public sealed class SqlHelperParameterCache
    {
        #region private methods, variables, and constructors

        //Since this class provides only static methods, make the default constructor private to prevent 
        //instances from being created with "new SqlHelperParameterCache()" 
        private SqlHelperParameterCache() { }

        private static Hashtable paramCache = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable());

        /// <summary> 
        /// Resolve at run time the appropriate set of SqlParameters for a stored procedure 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">Whether or not to include their return value parameter</param> 
        /// <returns>The parameter array discovered.</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] DiscoverSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection,
                                                             string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            connection.Open();
            SqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters(cmd);
            connection.Close();
            if (!includeReturnValueParameter)
            {
                cmd.Parameters.RemoveAt(0);
            }
            SqlParameter[] discoveredParameters = new SqlParameter[cmd.Parameters.Count];
            cmd.Parameters.CopyTo(discoveredParameters, 0);
            // Init the parameters with a DBNull value 
            foreach (SqlParameter discoveredParameter in discoveredParameters)
            {
                discoveredParameter.Value = DBNull.Value;
            }
            return discoveredParameters;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Deep copy of cached SqlParameter array 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="originalParameters"></param> 
        /// <returns></returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] CloneParameters(SqlParameter[] originalParameters)
        {
            SqlParameter[] clonedParameters = new SqlParameter[originalParameters.Length];
            for (int i = 0, j = originalParameters.Length; i < j; i++)
            {
                clonedParameters[i] = (SqlParameter)((ICloneable)originalParameters[i]).Clone();
            }
            return clonedParameters;
        }

        #endregion private methods, variables, and constructors

        #region caching functions

        /// <summary> 
        /// Add parameter array to the cache 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters to be cached</param> 
        public static void CacheParameterSet(string connectionString,
                                             string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText"); }
            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;
            paramCache[hashKey] = commandParameters;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Retrieve a parameter array from the cache 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param> 
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParamters</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetCachedParameterSet(string connectionString,
                                                           string commandText)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText"); }
            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;
            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[];
            if (cachedParameters == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else
            {
                return CloneParameters(cachedParameters);
            }
        }

        #endregion caching functions

        #region Parameter Discovery Functions

        /// <summary> 
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString,
                                                       string spName)
        {
            return GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName, false);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">A bool value indicating whether the return value parameter should be included in the results</param> 
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString,
                                                       string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(connection, spName,
                                                 includeReturnValueParameter);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns> 
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection,
                                                         string spName)
        {
            return GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName, false);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">A bool value indicating whether the return value parameter should be included in the results</param> 
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns> 
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection,
                                                         string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            using (SqlConnection clonedConnection = (SqlConnection)((
                                                                       ICloneable)connection).Clone())
            {
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(clonedConnection, spName,
                                                 includeReturnValueParameter);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">A bool value indicating whether the return value parameter should be included in the results</param> 
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSetInternal(
           SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("connection"); }
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("spName"); }
            string hashKey = connection.ConnectionString + ":" + spName +
                             (includeReturnValueParameter ? ":include ReturnValue Parameter" : "");
            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters;
            cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[];
            if (cachedParameters == null)
            {
                SqlParameter[] spParameters = DiscoverSpParameterSet(connection, spName,
                                                                     includeReturnValueParameter);
                paramCache[hashKey] = spParameters;
                cachedParameters = spParameters;
            }
            return CloneParameters(cachedParameters);
        }

        #endregion Parameter Discovery Functions
    }
}